The 1980s

Cinematic attitudes towards advanced technology in the 1980s can best be described as schizophrenic. On the one hand, the bleak visions of our technological future have never been as dystopian and pessimistic as in films such as Bladerunner (1982) and The Terminator (1984), in which technological advances designed to serve humanity end up threatening it. On the other hand, the 1980s saw a deluge of romantic comedies starring robots and computers, in which technology was anything but threatening: Heartbeeps (1981), Electric Dreams (1984), Short Circuit (1986), and Making Mr. Right (1987). The growing pervasiveness of computer technology in our everyday lives—a source of great fear, loathing, and gnashing of teeth in the films of the 1970s—made computers more familiar and much less threatening. Computers were no longer enormous, monolithic machines occupying underground government installations or scientific laboratories with ambitions to enslave the human race, but were becoming compact and "user-friendly," with cute voices and ambitions to fit into human society.

Below are some representative films from the 1980s. Clicking on the title will take you to the filmography page, where you'll find a brief description of the film, links to other CyberCinema pages on that film, and a link to that film's entry in the Internet Movie Database.

Saturn 3 (1980) Heartbeeps (1981) Android (1982) Bladerunner (1982)
Tron (1982) WarGames (1983) 2010: The Year We Make Contact (1984) Electric Dreams (1984)
D.A.R.Y.L. (1985) Short Circuit (1986) Making Mr. Right (1987) Robocop (1987)
Cherry 2000 (1988) Short Circuit 2 (1988) Akira (1989) Cyborg (1989)


Some AI Milestones from the 1980s*

1980

  • Expert systems up to a thousand rules
  • First AAAI conference at Stanford
  • Hofstadter writes "Godel, Escher, Bach", wins Pulitzer
  • Farrah Fawcett stars in Saturn 3, is sexually harrassed by a robot, and doesn't win an Oscar
  • Scribe, first word processor
  • Xerox, DEC, & Intel announce Ethernet

1981

  • IBM introduces Personal Computer (PC)
  • MITI wants intelligent computers by 1990
  • Heartbeeps released by MCA; cute robots fall in love
  • Xerox Star (Desktop publishing)

1982

  • Publication of British government's "Alvey Report" on advanced information technology, leading to boost in AI (Expert Systems) being used in industry.
  • John Hopfield resuscitates neural nets
  • Disney releases Tron; cross-markets Tron video game.
  • IBM PC
  • Bladerunner released; Harrison Ford questions his own identity

1983

  • Asimov writes "Robots of Dawn"
  • 6,000,000 computers sold
  • WarGames released; video-game junkie almost starts WWIII
  • IBM announces PCjr

1984

  • 1984-86: Corporations invest some $50 million in AI startups
  • The long-awaited sequel to 2001, cleverly titled 2010 is released; HAL wakes up, blames it all on White House operatives; America's faith in technology is restored as its faith in politicians continues to erode
  • Chamberlain's RACTER 'writes' book
  • GM puts $4 million into Teknowledge
  • "Wabot-2" reads sheet music and plays organ
  • Apple introduces the Macintosh
  • Electric Dreams released; Edgar the computer gets a chip-rub from the upstairs neighbor

1985

  • Kawasaki robot kills Japanese mechanic during malfunction
  • Minsky publishes "The Society of Mind"
  • D.A.R.Y.L. released; family values extended to include robotic youth lifeforms; military still mean and nasty
  • Commodore AMIGA, ATARI 520 ST
  • Graphic interfaces widely available
  • Microsoft Windows ships

1986

  • AI industry revenue now $1,000,000,000
  • Anderson's robotic ping-pong player wins against human
  • Short Circuit released; Number 5 struck by lightening and becomes alive; cross-marketing opportunities unrealized.
  • CMU's HiTech chess machine competes at senior master level
  • Dallas Police use robot to break into an apartment
  • Max Headroom
  • Neural net startup companies appear
  • Thinking Machines introduces Connection Machine

1987

  • 1,900 working expert systems
  • AI revenue $1.4 billion, excluding robotics
  • Making Mr. Right released; John Malcovich's career begins a downward spiral
  • DEC's "XCON" configures computers doing work of 300 people using 10,000 rules
  • "AI Winter"; Lisp-machine market saturated
  • Apple introduces "HyperCard"
  • Robocop released; out-of-control police-robot violently kills several corporate executives in the boardroom; there is much rejoicing
  • Computer trading crashes market

1988

  • 386 chip brings PC speeds into competition with LISP machines
  • Expert systems revenue over $400 million
  • Hillis's "Connection Machine", capable of 65,536 parallel computations
  • Minsky and Papert publish revised edition of "Perceptrons"
  • Sold this year in US: 4,700,000 micros, 120,000 minis, 11,500 mainframes
  • Cherry 2000 released; nobody notices, thank God

1989

  • 1000+ US Hospital systems die (dates overflow 16 bits since 1/1/1900)

*Adapted from Mark Kantrowitz, "Milestones in the Development of Artificial Intelligence."
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